How to clean the forklift parts?

Unsaponifiable oil, dust and impurities mainly form the oil stain of construction machinery parts. Non-saponifiable oils cannot act with solid bases, such as mineral oils and lubricating oils, which are insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents. There are chemical and electrochemical methods to remove this kind of oil stain; The commonly used cleaning solutions are organic solvents, alkaline solutions and chemical cleaning solutions; There are two cleaning methods: manual and mechanical cleaning.

1 three cleaning fluids

(1) Organic solvents. Common are kerosene, light diesel, gasoline, acetone, alcohol and trichloroethylene. In this way, all kinds of oils can be dissolved. The utility model has the advantages of no heating, easy use, no damage to metal and a good cleaning effect. The disadvantage is that most of them are inflammable, high cost, suitable for precision parts, and not ideal for cleaning with hot alkali solution, such as plastic, nylon, cowhide, felt parts, etc. However, it should be noted that the rubber parts cannot be cleaned with the organic solvent.

(2) Alkaline solution. The alkaline solution is an aqueous solution of alkali or alkaline salt. It uses the emulsification of emulsifiers to remove oil from unsaponifiable oil. It is the most widely used decontamination cleaning solution. Emulsification is that one liquid forms tiny particles and is evenly distributed in another liquid. Adding an emulsifier to the alkali solution to form emulsion can reduce the surface tension and adhesion of the oil film so that the oil film will not return to the metal surface after breaking into tiny oil droplets to remove oil stains. Commonly used emulsifiers include soap, water glass (sodium silicate), bone glue, gum, triethanolamine, synthetic detergent, etc. It should be noted that different cleaning fluids should be used to clean parts of other materials. The alkaline solution has different degrees of corrosion on metals, especially on aluminium.

When cleaning with an alkaline solution, it is generally necessary to heat the solution to 80 ~ 90 ℃ C. Wash with hot water after oil removal to remove the residual alkali liquid on the surface to prevent parts from corrosion,

(3) Chemical cleaning solution. It is an aqueous solution of a chemically synthesized water-based metal cleaning agent. The metal cleaning agent is mainly surfactant and has a strong decontamination ability. In addition, there are some auxiliary agents in the cleaning agent, which can improve or increase the comprehensive properties of metal cleaning agents, such as anti-corrosion, anti-rust and carbon removal. The principle is that the cleaning solution prepared by the cleaning agent first moistens the part surface and then infiltrates into the contact interface between the dirt and the part. So that the dirt falls off and disperses from the part surface or dissolves in the cleaning solution or forms emulsion and suspension on the part surface to achieve the purpose of cleaning the parts.

Common cleaning agents equipped with chemical cleaning solution include LC x – 52 water-based metal cleaning agent, CW metal cleaning agent, JSH efficient metal cleaning agent, D-3 metal cleaning agent, D “- 04 metal cleaning agent, № – 841 cleaning agent, 817-coil cleaning agent and JC-8 liquid metal cleaning agent. The preparation method, concentration, cleaning temperature, and heating measures of the above cleaning agents must strictly comply with the requirements of their instructions. During manual cleaning, the temperature shall be strictly controlled and cleaned with a brush and cloth. If there is a severe oil stain or carbon deposit, it can be washed with a steel wire brush. Before cleaning, it shall be soaked for a specific time to meet the needs of wetting and soaking. Cleaning can be divided into rough cleaning and a good cleaning. If the oil stain of the cleaning solution after cleaning is not severe, the floating oil stain on the upper layer can be skimmed and reused.

2. Five cleaning methods

(1) Scrub. Put the parts into a container containing diesel oil, kerosene or other cleaning fluid and scrub them with cotton yarn or brush with a brush. This method has the advantages of simple operation, simple equipment but low efficiency. It is suitable for single pieces and a small batch of small parts. Generally, gasoline should not be used because of its fat solubility, which will damage people’s health and easy to cause fire

(2) Boil and wash. Put the prepared solution together with the cleaned parts into the cleaning tank with appropriate size welded with steel plate, heat it to 80 ~ 90 ℃ with the stove under the tank, and cook it for 3 ~ 5min.

(3) Spray wash. Spray cleaning fluid with certain pressure and temperature onto the surface of parts to remove oil stains. This method has a good cleaning effect and high production efficiency, but the equipment is complex. It is suitable for cleaning parts with less complicated shapes and serious oil dirt on the surface.

(4) Vibration cleaning. Place the parts to be cleaned on the cleaning basket or cleaning rack of the vibration cleaning machine and immerse them in the cleaning fluid. The vibration generated by the cleaning machine simulates the manual rinsing action and the chemical action of the cleaning liquid to remove the oil

(5) Ultrasonic cleaning. The chemical action of the cleaning solution and the ultrasonic oscillation introduced into the cleaning solution work together to remove oil stains. Precautions: the cleaning method shall be reasonably selected according to the causes and characteristics of oil contamination to ensure the regular use of parts, avoid corrosion or damage to parts caused by cleaning, and prevent environmental pollution and subsequent contamination of parts.